Pencil Sketches Of Trees Biography
source(google.com.pk)James Duffield Harding (1798 - 4 December 1863), was an English landscape painter, lithographer and author of drawing manuals. His use of tinted papers and opaque paints in watercolour proved influential.
Contents [hide]
1 Life
2 Bibliography and references
3 Sources
4 External links
Life[edit]
Harding was born at Deptford in 1798, the son of a drawing-master who had been a pupil of Paul Sandby. He was taught perspective by his father, and had lessons from Samuel Prout.[1]At the age of thirteen he exhibited two drawings of buildings in the style of Prout at the Royal Academy.[1]
He was apprenticed to the engraver Charles Pye, but left him after only a year to concentrate on painting watercolours, and when he was 18 he was awarded a silver medal by the Society of Arts. In 1818 he showed with the Society of Painters in Watercolours,[1] (known as the "Old Watercolour Society or OWCS from 1831)[2] for first time. He was to contribute to its exhibitions for the rest of his life. He was elected an associate of the society in 1820 and a full member in 1821. In 1843 he took up oil-painting, and exhibited many landscapes in that medium at the Royal Academy. In 1847 he resigned his membership of the OWCS , hoping to be elected a member of the academy; but, after nine years without success, he withdrew his candidature, and was re-elected to the OWCS.[1]
From an early on in his career Harding was a successful and popular teacher. When lithography became popular in Britain, he quickly adopted it as a means of reproducing good examples for the use of pupils and students. His first productions were drawing-books, consisting of pencil sketches and studies of trees; they were printed in tints with two stones, allowing the reproduction of more elaborate drawings. His Sketches at Home and Abroad, a series of fifty plates using this method, was published in 1836. In 1841 he published The Park and the Forest, a set of sketches drawn on the stone with a brush instead of the crayon, a technique of his own invention which he called "lithotint". His other lithographic works included A Series of Subjects from the Works of R. P. Bonington (1829-30); Recollections of India (1847, from drawings by C. S. Hardinge) and Picturesque Selections (1861).[1]
In 1830 Harding exhibited a series of Italian views sketched on papers of various colours and textures, the syyle of which was widely imitated.[1] His use of opaque body colourin watercolour, following the example set by J.M.W. Turner also proved influential.[1] His drawings were praised by John Ruskin in Modern Painters.[1] From the 1830s a range of papers was produced under the name of "JDH pure drawing paper", initially for Winsor and Newton. The papers, which proved popular amongst both amateur and professional artists, and which Harding used himself, were produced in white, and in shades of cream, buff and grey. They were marketed until around 1910. Winsor and Newton also produced pencils under Harding's name.[3]
Harding was a prolific author of educational manuals, and his Lessons on Art, Guide and Companion to Lessons on Art, Elementary Art, or the Use of the Chalk and Lead Pencil advocated and explained, and The Principles and Practice of Art, were widely used both in Britain and abroad.[1] His Drawing Models and Their Uses (1854) describes the use of a range of solid forms which he prepared and marketed.[4]
He was described by Gilbert Redgrave in A History of Water Colour Painting in England as "a skilful and rapid draughtsman, though somewhat mannered, and rarely rising above the commonplace."[4]
He died at Barnes, on 4 December 1863, and was buried in Brompton Cemetery.[1]
Portrait of James Duffield Harding (c. 1840) by Henry Perronet Briggs
Bibliography and references[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j O'Donoghue (1885–1900). "Harding, James Duffield". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Jump up ^ "Watercolour societies". The Oxford Companion to Turner. Oxford University Press. 2001. pp. 371– 2.
Jump up ^ Bower, Peter (1999). Turner's Later Papers. Tate Gallery. ISBN 1-85437-295-5.}
^ Jump up to: a b Redgrave, Gilbert R. (1892). A History of Water Colour Painting in England. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. p. 197.
Sources[edit]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Leslie Stephen and Sidney Lee, ed. (1890). "Harding, James Duffield". Dictionary of National Biography 24. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 336–7.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Harding, James Duffield". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge
As part of its mission to protect natural lands and preserve the environment for all people, Earth Day Network developed The Canopy Project. Rather than focusing on large scale forestry, The Canopy Project plants trees that help communities - especially the world's impoverished communities - sustain themselves and their local economies. Trees reverse the impacts of land degradation and provide food, energy and income, helping communities to achieve long-term economic and environmental sustainability. Trees also filter the air and help stave off the effects of climate change.
With the reality of increasingly unpredictable weather patterns and more frequent and violent storms and floods, tree cover to prevent devastating soil erosion has never been more important. That's why, in 2012, Earth Day Network made a commitment with the Global Poverty Project to plant 10 million trees over the next five years in impoverished areas of the world. Please join us to help make this commitment a reality.
Accomplishments:
Over the past three years, The Canopy Project, has planted over 1.5 million trees in 18 countries. In the US, projects to restore urban canopies have been completed in New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, St. Louis, Atlanta, Baltimore, Cleveland, Flint, and Chicago. In Haiti alone, where earthquakes caused landslides on deforested hillsides, leading to horrific devastation, Earth Day Network planted 500,000 trees. And in three high-poverty districts in central Uganda, we planted 350,000 trees to provide local farmers with food, fuel, fencing, and soil stability.
Our tree plantings are supported by sponsors and individual donations and carried out in partnership with nonprofit tree planting organizations throughout the world. We work in partnership with the United Nations Environment Programme's Billion Trees Campaign. Each tree planted is counted toward A Billion Acts of Green®.
Help Earth Day Network grow the Earth's canopy by planting trees where they are needed most!
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE CANOPY PROJECT FROM AROUND THE WORLD
Australia
Landcare Australia worked with national parks and land care groups to help restore vulnerable areas of metropolitan New South Wales and Victoria, focusing on areas with unique and threatened animal species.
Belgium
Vereniging voor Bos in Vlaanderen, or Organization for Forests in Flanders, worked to combat the environmental effects of intensive livestock and agricultural production by working with private landowners in Flanders to reforest their properties.
Brazil
To combat agricultural expansion and urban sprawl, SOS Mata Atlântica Foundation worked with local communities to plant native trees as a means to restore the Atlantic Forest, one of the most biologically diverse and severely threatened forest ecosystems in the world.
Canada
Tree Canada joined the Avatar Home Tree Initiative to restore 800 hectares (1,976 acres) of pine forest of southeastern Manitoba on land that was devastated by hurricane-force winds in 2005.
France
With its multicultural cultural mission, Kinomé’s Trees & Life program helped 9- and 10-year-old children in southern France plant their own trees. For every tree the children planted in France, kids of the same age in Senegal planted two trees, thus advancing global reforestation and intercultural awareness.
Germany
The Berlin Energy Agency’s environmental youth organization, Club-E, planted trees in southern Berlin as part of its mission to raise awareness among young people about sustainable development and lifestyles and to promote job opportunities for young people in the green economy.
Haiti
Trees for the Future, a U.S.-based organization that works with Haitian farmers to bring degraded lands back to productivity, is working with communities to plant fruit and other native trees using sustainable agroforestry practices. Their work helped combat centuries of environmental degradation and natural disasters, including the catastrophic January 2010 earthquake.
Italy
The community and Municipality of San Giovanni in Persiceto took on the Cassa Budrie reforestation project. They worked to restore and preserve a local wetland and forest located on a major flood plain, helping to promote local water security and prevent soil erosion. Other objectives of the project are biodiversity recovery and the creation of a local carbon sink to combat global climate change.
Japan
A tailored tree-planting at a Japanese school gave students and teachers the opportunity to plant trees on their campus and engage in related environmental education and school greening activities.
Mexico
Sierra Gorda Ecological Group (SGEG) has been working since 1987 to protect the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve, the most ecologically diverse protected area of Mexico. The SGEG worked with local communities and farmers to reforest cleared land, directly benefiting local communities as watersheds are restored.
The Netherlands
Stichting wAarde, or the Earth Value Foundation, worked with local youth to plant trees in areas around Amsterdam and Utrecht. The planted trees not only engage youth and communities in learning about their local environment, but improve air quality, create healthier outdoor spaces and restore urban habitats for wildlife.
Spain
Plantemos Para el Planeta planted trees in southeastern Costa del Sol, which was ravaged by wildfire in 2009, and created recreation spaces for people to appreciate the beauty of nature.
Sweden
Under Sweden’s Skogen i Skolan, or Forest in School program, children and their teachers go on excursions to plant spruce, pine, birch and beech trees in northeast Sweden with professional guidance and intensive environmental and reforestation education.
Uganda
We planted 350,000 trees in three high-poverty districts: Kiboga-Kyankwanzi, Kayunga and Kamuli. The plantings were carried out in partnership with Trees for the Future and local farmers. In the Kiboga-Kyankwanzi District, farmers planted trees for fuel wood, animal fodder, construction materials, and intercropping. In the Kayunga District, families planted trees for timber, to prevent soil erosion and mitigate the effects of storms, and to create living fences to protect their land from being seized by corrupt and influential farmers. In the Kamuli District, farmers planted trees to create boundaries on their land and to provide fodder for cattle, which they are keeping to produce raw material for a biogas project in the district.
United Kingdom
The UK is one of the least wooded countries in Europe, with only four percent native woodland cover. Leading woodland conservation charity, The Woodland Trust is helping community groups across the UK to transform their local area by planting more native trees for the benefit of local people, wildlife and the environment.
United States
Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Flint, & St. Louis
The Fruit Tree Planting Foundation, through Earth Day Network and the support of the UPS Foundation, planted twelve fruit tree orchards across these cities in 2012. These orchards were located in low-income areas where the trees will not only beautify the community and enhance residents’ quality of life but also provide food.
New York City
MillionTreesNYC plants trees throughout New York City’s five boroughs, focusing on low- to middle-income communities to increase green spaces in the community and improve urban environmental health for area residents. MillionTreesNYC participated in the Initiative through their fall Reforestation Day’s city-wide tree plantings.
San Francisco
Since 1981, Friends of the Urban Forest has helped San Franciscans to plant and care for street trees and sidewalk gardens, thereby supporting the health and livability of the urban environment. The organization conducted plantings in low-income neighborhoods, resulting in increased community interaction and cooperation.
Los Angeles
TreePeople is a Los Angeles-based non-profit whose mission is to improve the urban environment of the city by planting trees. TreePeople’s Fruit Tree Program provides low-income families, school children and community residents with a source of free fruit to help alleviate hunger, address childhood diabetes and obesity, improve nutrition, and provide shade, beauty and cleaner air now and for decades to come.
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